The forging process includes cutting the material into the required dimensions, heating, forging, heat treatment, cleaning, and inspection. In small-scale manual forging, all these operations are carried out by several blacksmiths in a narrow area. They are all exposed to the same harmful environment and occupational hazards; In large forging workshops, the hazards vary depending on the job position. Although working conditions vary depending on the forging form, they share certain common characteristics: moderate intensity physical labor, dry and hot microclimate environment, noise and vibration generation, and air pollution caused by smoke.
2. Workers are exposed to both high temperature air and thermal radiation, leading to the accumulation of heat in their bodies. Heat, combined with metabolic heat, can cause heat dissipation imbalance and pathological changes. The amount of sweat produced during 8-hour labor will vary depending on the small gas environment, physical exertion, and thermal adaptability, generally ranging from 1.5 to 5 liters, or even higher. Sukezhong aluminum alloy forging indicates that in smaller forging workshops or far away from the heat source, the Behhot heat stress index is usually 55-95; But in large forging workshops, the working point near the heating furnace or hammer machine may be as high as 150-190. Easy to cause salt deficiency and heat spasms. In the cold season, exposure to changes in the microclimate environment may to some extent promote its adaptability, but rapid and overly frequent changes may pose a threat to health.
Air pollution: The air in workplaces may contain smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or even acrolein, depending on the type and impurities of the heating furnace fuel, as well as combustion efficiency, airflow, and ventilation conditions. Noise and vibration: The forging hammer will inevitably produce low-frequency noise and vibration, but it may also have a certain high-frequency component, with a sound pressure level between 95-115 decibels. Exposure of workers to forging vibrations may cause imbalances in temperament and functionality, which can reduce work ability and affect safety.
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